The timing and the rhetoric are strange, but the Fed is thinking about the long-term
This article was originally published in The Epoch Times.
President Trump isn’t a fan of current Federal Reserve policy, specifically about raising rates too fast or too much.
And it is true: the timing of the rate hikes, as well as the brisk commentary coming out of the Mariner Eccles building in Washington sound odd to many who have gotten used to continuous Fed support for financial markets, whether in the form of jaw-boning or various easing programs.
We all remember how Janet Yellen all but suspended the intended tightening policy just before the Presidential election in 2016 because of market jitters. So Mr. Trump is right to wonder why the current incumbent administration does not get the same treatment from the Fed than the previous one.
However, leaving the political timing aside, the current Fed chairman Powell’s policy is the right one for America in the long run.
Lost Opportunity
As Trump noted himself, the mandate of Janet Yellen in the Federal Reserve was a lost opportunity. Yellen and the Federal Reserve delayed urgent and justified rate increases despite a bull market and high liquidity due to the fear of a negative market reaction ahead of the 2016 election.
And it’s not that Jerome Powell is acting rashly. His Federal Reserve is conducting the rate hikes with months of warnings and detailed communication because the economy is growing above 3 percent, wage growth is also at 3 percent and unemployment is at record lows.
The rate hikes so far have not only caused no damage to the economy but have helped growth strengthen while investment returned.
The reason why Powell can and should use this period of superior growth to build a buffer for the future is because the Tax Cut and Jobs Act has helped prolong the recovery, which has started to reach the middle class. As the middle class, savers and workers benefit from a stronger dollar and moderately higher rates. Conservative savers are starting to see their disposable income and savings improve, as the interest rates on even the shortest-dated and safest Treasury bills are above 2 percent.
Easy Fed Money
It is important to note that policy remains highly accommodative compared to historical standards. The yield on 30-year U.S. Treasuries discounting inflation is less than 0.08 percent and credit conditions remain robust. Money supply growth continues to be strong and above nominal GDP growth despite the Fed reducing its exposure. The private sector is offsetting the unwinding of the Fed’s balance sheet.
We are seeing in Europe how the European Central Bank (ECB) has not raised rates has not helped the economy strengthen, as the slowdown of the second half of 2017 has accelerated, while the central bank has exhausted all its tools to support the economy.
If there is a possible recession, what can the ECB or the Bank of Japan (BoJ) do when rates are at all-time lows and liquidity at all-time highs? Very little.
And while the Fed is getting prepared for an eventual downturn it is precisely the positive effect of this administration’s supply-side measures what keeps jobs, wages, investment and growth above global trends.
Strong Dollar
The United States needs to remain the world reserve currency and the safest asset, and this can only happen if the Fed normalizes its monetary policy as it has announced.
The United States can absorb the rate hikes because the evidence shows it becomes a safer and better investment option compared to the rest of the world. And even though the S&P 500 has recently dropped sharply and is 10 percent off the record highs, European markets trade 20 percent below their 2015 highs, which never reached the 2007 highs, which never reached the 2001 highs.
As the U.S. economy improves and others face the saturation of past stimuli, it is only logical that the United States sees a high inflow of funds from abroad. And that is good. It keeps U.S. Treasury yields low, stimulates demand for bonds and equities—at least relatively speaking—and provides a steady flow of capital investment into the U.S. economy.
It only exports around 10 percent of GDP and less than 30 percent of the profits of the S & P 500 companies come from exports. More importantly, the U.S. exports high added-value goods and services, which don’t suffer much from a stronger dollar.
In the past nine years, devaluing the currency, and lowering rates has hurt the middle class, savers, workers, and high productivity companies, those that voted for Trump to change the mistakes of the past.
A devaluation policy hurts more Americans than it helps. Devaluation is simply stealing from your citizens’ savings and disposable income.
A strong dollar and a prudent monetary policy have those two positive effects for savers, workers, and families as the economy strengthens and wages improve.
Signal Effect
If the Federal Reserve did not raise rates as announced, it would send a negative signal to the world. That things are much worse than the economic data shows. Even worse, it would not act as a positive driver for risky assets like stocks and bonds.
They are falling now because of excessive valuations and the slowdown in emerging markets and the eurozone, factors that have nothing to do with the Fed’s normalization and all to do with the excessive fiscal and trade imbalances built by those economies in the period of low rates and high liquidity. As noted above, those markets are down much more than the S&P 500.
The Fed needs to normalize in order to avoid making the mistakes of the ECB and the Bank of Japan, but mostly to maintain the status of the United States as the world reserve currency.
A sound monetary policy and defending a strong currency is good for the clear majority of the economic agents of an economy. No country has collapsed due to a strong currency. Many have fallen due to the constant destruction of the purchasing power of their currency.
A moderate rate hike policy and a strong currency are also essential to keep the world reserve currency status. If a small proportion of the U.S. economy suffers from a strong dollar due to low competitiveness, it is a price worth paying in exchange for being the world’s most used currency, a reserve of value and a worthy investment for the rest of the world.
If President Trump wants to strengthen the domestic market, increase disposable income for the middle and lower classes, and end the perverse incentives created by years of excessive demand-side policies, he needs to accept the prudent path outlined by Jerome Powell.
Daniel Lacalle is chief economist at hedge fund Tressis and author of “Escape From the Central Bank Trap.”